2001: Kubrick’s Space Edifice
Dec 19th, 2007 by milo

2001: A Space Odyssey is one of my favourite films, quite literally ever.
People have criticised Stanley Kubrick for his cold, emotionless reading of the human condition, but I thought his films - lovingly crafted bundles of Asperger Syndrome they may well be - are designed to offer a gateway (a star-gateway, if you will) for the audience to feel and express emotions of their own.
Kubrick once wrote:
The most terrifying fact about the universe is not that it is hostile but that it is indifferent, but if we can come to terms with this indifference, then our existence as a species can have genuine meaning. However vast the darkness, we must supply our own light.”
Well, if you re-read the above quote, and replace the phrase “the universe” with “Stanley Kubrick”, you will understand how I see his films.
I suspect that Kubrick was dimly aware that his audiences possessed emotions of their own, and so perhaps that’s why he didn’t feel the need to have them pouring out of the screen like blood out of an elevator.
My own reaction to 2001 was is largely one of wonder, tinged with sympathy for the plight of everyone’s favourite faulty computer.
Well, I was able to revisit these emotions the other weekend when I got my sticky paws on the Blu-Ray release of 2001, which should be arriving in the UK in the new year (like most Warners titles, it’ll also be available on HD DVD).
There’s already a perfectly respectable DVD release of 2001 (I got the version which came with the soundtrack CD for Christmas a few years ago), so what’s the point in shelling out for it all over again?
Well, not to sound like a stuck record, but the detail and clarity is stunning. 70mm films, which look great on DVD, come into their own in High-Definition, and watching 2001 again reminded me how well Kubrick’s superlative sci-fi has stood up over the years.
When I was a young ‘un, I was fascinated by the scenes of astronauts aboard the Discovery, roaming around the giant, rotating control room. I poured over stills from the film trying to work out how this cunning piece of optical trickery had been achieved.
Little could I have suspected that the entire set had been constructed, for real, and that the petrified actors were running at the bottom of a huge, multi-ton hamster wheel.
I also loved the opening Dawn of Man sequences, showing a band of Australopithecines and their monolith-augmented struggle for survival. Again, it never occurred to me that these scenes were shot in a studio, and not in the planes of Africa’s Rift Valley (On Blu-Ray, you can just about make out the texture used to project the backdrop against).
And the effect shots of space ships moving through the void still look magnificent today. This is partly due to the scale of the ‘miniatures’ used (the Discovery model was around 30 foot long) and also due to the complete absence of matte lines.
‘Travelling mattes’ are used in optical effects where two objects overlap, to prevent the background object from bleeding through to the foreground. That’s why moving objects in special effects shots sometimes have black lines round them.
Kubrick got round this in the space shots by never having two objects overlap. So the elaborate choreography of the famous Blue Danube space-station docking sequence is even more elaborate than I first imagined.
So far, so Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, but the real fun of 2001 is working out what it’s all supposed to ‘mean’, and that’s why I find myself re-watching it again and again.
What’s with the floating baby? What does the monolith actually do? And just why does HAL go barmy? It’s all very strange, all very ambiguous, and I think that why 2001 has aged far better than Peter Hyams‘ far-too-tidy-by-half semi-sequel, 2010 (1984).
Well, I’ve heard lots of explanations for why HAL tries to kill the astronauts, and I haven’t liked most of them. So I’ll offer my favourite one here, sort of as an early, unwanted, Xmas present.
First of all, I think HAL makes a mistake, pure and simple, in predicting a fault in the ship’s communications module.
So when HAL uncovers the astronauts’ plot to disconnect him, his duty to the Discovery’s mission (the true importance of which he is forbidden to reveal to the astronauts) combined with a very sentient sense of self-preservation, leads him to snuff out the meddling apes one by one.
This leads to the film’s most memorable, and for me, most affecting confrontation, as the surviving astronaut executes the slow and excruciating murder of the troublesome computer by disconnecting HAL’s memory, block by block.
It’s the same struggle for survival that opened the film. But this time the setting is the computer room of a spaceship rather than the plains of Africa. And this time the murder weapon is not a bone club, but a tiny screwdriver.
Connections like that really tickle my funnybone! What’s your favourite 2001 moment?
Having had the privilege of seeing ‘2001- A Space Odyssey’ at the cinema on its original release, I cleary recall it as an exciting and profound sci-fi experience. I think it has survived well over the intervening years on video and dvd format, which speaks for its quality. It obviously stands comparison against an overwhelming tide of egregious sc-fi rubbish that has been produced ever since. For me, in my lifetime, the watershed sci-fi movies were and still are, in chronological order: - Destination Moon; The Thing from Outer Space; Forbidden Planet; 2001; Alien; BladeRunner. I also have in my dvd library - Dark Star; Outland; Dune; Solaris; Metropolis; Silent Running; La Jetee; 2046; War of the Worlds (1952) - in no particular order of preference. There are some others, such as ‘Mission to Mars’ and ‘Event Horizon’ which contain good sequences but are not in the end, in my opinion, worthy of the genre. There is also a shedload of sci-fi ‘B-movies’ from the 1950’s which have been known to occupy some of my viewing time, but I’ll leave that for another film buff to deal with…..
I think I will have to disagree with your interpretation, Milo.
The monolith is driving evolution, but thanks to good ol’ human nature, we have a tendency to mess things up (or it may be the monolith’s intention in the first place). The monolith teaches the apes to use tools and then the apes realise the tool can be a weapon and fight over the power of the monolith. You may want to enter a discussion as to the necessity of conflict in driving progress at this point.
The symmetry at the end of the film makes more sense if you think of HAL as the tool, the 21st century bone. The end result of the monolith’s education all those millennia ago, humankind has now developed tools to reach the stars and the next stage of evolution (as symbolised by the Starchild). What causes HAL to go wrong is the monolith’s influence, propagating conflict and setting in motion the events that give Dave the impetus to enter the monolith. The joy of this theory is that the monolith only needs to give a slight nudge here and there. Teach the apes to use bones as a tool and they will work out how to brain people with it. Convince HAL that an antenna is malfunctioning and paranoia will do the rest.
Of course, this may all be wrong.
P.S. While I do have the occasional soft spot for 2010, I am very, very glad that no one has decided to film A C Clarke’s 2061 where they kill the monolith with a computer virus. Now that is sacrilege.
2061 was pretty disappointing, though I remember I liked the illustration on the book cover, which showed a monolith with a HAL-eye attached to it. But Arthur C Clarke had, by this point, jumped the shark (despite his wheelchair).
I think the role of conflict in driving evolution in 2001 is an interesting question, whether the monolith provokes it or whether it’s innate.
But it’s clearly set in motion by the first monolith, which teaches the naughty monkeys how to use tools. From that point, the race is on.
As I see it, the monolith on the moon is the ‘prize’ which the Americans win, not by killing anyone, but via Cold War chicanery (ie, lying to Leonard Rossiter). Their reward is the location of the third monolith.
The Jupiter monolith is the final prize which Dave Bowman claims after ‘killing’ HAL.
The interesting question is, what would have happened if things had gone the other way? What if another species had been curious enough to touch the first monolith? What if the Russians had discovered the second monolith? And what if HAL, not Dave Bowman, had survived to reach the third?